"I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchreae. 2 So you should welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also.
3
Give my greetings to Prisca and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus, 4
who risked their own necks for my life. Not only do I thank them, but
so do all the Gentile churches.
5 Greet also the church that meets in their home.
Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia.
6 Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles, and they were also in Christ before me.
8 Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord.
9 Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys.
10 Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ.
Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.
11 Greet Herodion, my fellow countryman.
Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
12 Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord.
Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
13 Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine.
14 Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them.
15 Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. 16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings."
5 Greet also the church that meets in their home.
Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia.
6 Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles, and they were also in Christ before me.
8 Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord.
9 Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys.
10 Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ.
Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.
11 Greet Herodion, my fellow countryman.
Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
12 Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord.
Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
13 Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine.
14 Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them.
15 Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. 16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings."
Open with me your Bibles to the 16th chapter of the book of Romans.
I'm sure many of you may have already studied this last chapter of
Romans, and there may also be a number of you who have, skipped over it.
Here in this rich portion of Scripture, we get a look into the heart of
the apostle Paul. We see the great love he had for people. I find it to be sad really, this marvelous chapter, is so often overlooked, and neglected by many Christians. In
fact, most Christian teachers avoid teaching on this beautifully
written, inspired, heart felt epistle, a loving greeting from the
apostle Paul.
As we study on Romans chapter 16, we will see Paul's love revealed in three ways: First, by his commendation. secondly, his cordiality and thirdly his caution. Beloved, we know that genuine love warns. Love cares deeply, has a genuine affection, for another, therefore love warns.
Heavenly Father,
Thank You for being an example to all of us, Thank You for each of those You have gathered with us today, those who we love. Those who have faithfully served and tirelessly labored in order to serve this ministry.
Father, thank You, for those who have remained so firm in their conviction, and yet so tender and so gracious and so thoughtful of the people around them. Help me today, to express my love, gratitude and appreciation, in the thoughtful way that Paul did. Help us, Your church, to love to one another and help even as that final exhortation rings in our minds to greet one another with a kiss of peace, a kiss of love, an embrace of affection that speaks perhaps in a physical way of what we feel in our hearts for those of like precious faith.
Lord, thank You, for what we have learned by way of the example of these who labored much before us, diligently, sacrificially, even as to give their lives, who were well-known for their spiritual reputation and also those who were not so known, but tirelessly labored just as hard.
Help us today, Lord, to become that kind of people!
The kind of disciples who, that if there was a book still being written in the New Testament, that future generations might just find our names in such a list. all to the glory of Christ.
Father, this we pray in His name, Jesus Christ
Amen.
Today's Message: Greetings - Love and Affection For One Another
Allow me to read to you, as you follow along in your Bibles, this amazing epistle. I want you to listen carefully, and feel the emotion, the love, that Paul puts into his recognition of those who served along with him, in this rich, incredible text.
"I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchreae. So you should welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also.
Give my greetings to Prisca and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus,
who risked their own necks for my life. Not only do I thank them, but
so do all the Gentile churches.
Greet also the church that meets in their home.
Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia.
Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles, and they were also in Christ before me.
Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord.
Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys.
Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ.
Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.
Greet Herodion, my fellow countryman.
Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord.
Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine.
Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them.
Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings."
Greet also the church that meets in their home.
Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia.
Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you.
Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles, and they were also in Christ before me.
Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord.
Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys.
Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ.
Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.
Greet Herodion, my fellow countryman.
Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord.
Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord.
Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine.
Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them.
Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings."
The capital city of Rome was a magnet that drew people from all over the empire. In addition Paul’s travels to many of the major population centers—Jerusalem, Syrian Antioch, Philippi, Athens, Corinth, Ephesus—brought him into contact with the Christians in Rome who traveled. These factors help explain the presence of Paul’s many friends in Rome, but his knowledge of their whereabouts remains a tribute to his deep concern for people. It is enviously clear that he was careful to remember names and details of the people with whom he ministered.
This is certainly not one of those favored chapters in the Bible, nor does it seem to be of those who preach and teach the Word of God and yet in many ways it ought to be.
It is my prayer this message will bless you as much as I have been blessed in preparing it.
The apostle Paul was not only a soul-winner and a church planter, he was also a friend maker and supporter of ministry. Paul's comments about these mostly unknown individuals are all the more poignant because he takes time to speak so warmly and appreciatively of these "ordinary" Christians, who were as much his brothers and sisters in Christ as Peter, James, John, and others in the New Testament.
Here, Paul reveals his deep affection for those whom he had served, for those who had served him, and for those who served with him.
Romans chapters 9-16.
In chapter 16, Paul focuses on his relationship to other Christians with whom he has been associated in one way or another, along the way in his ministry. The chapter contains a list compiled of thirty-three people, to whom Paul is sending his greetings.
The first list, in verses 1–16, is comprised of those who Paul is greeting. The second list, verses 21–23, is comprised of those who are with Paul in Corinth. He specifically identifies, and occasionally comments briefly about, those to whom he felt the closest. Paul also reveals his love for the community of the redeemed, his mutual accountability with them before God, and his dependence on them for his own ministry as well as his own well-being.
First, Sister Phoebe, 16:1-2.
Secondly Prisca and Aquila, 3-5.
And thirdly, friends in Rome, 6-16
Churches and ministries don’t go far without the assistance of faithful workers. Paul devotes the first two verses to the commendation of a particular individual, Phoebe. "I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchreae. So you should welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also."
Phoebe was Paul’s emissary to deliver this letter, so he wrote officially, "I commend to you our sister Phoebe." "Phebe" which means "bright, radiant" is another name for "Diana." Apparently, Phebe was named after the goddess Diana, Corinth’s most famous deity. If that be so, Phebe was not Jewish but was most likely a heathen Gentile who had been converted to Christianity. Phoebe was a servant of the church in Cenchrea, a seaport a few miles east of Corinth, Acts 18:18, where Paul had stopped during his third missionary journey.
The word translated "servant" is literally diakonos or "deaconess" is used for the office of deacon
Paul's use of the word with the phrase "of the church" strongly suggests some sort of recognized position, appropriate for a person serving as Paul’s emissary. It could also indicate a woman in a position of ministry in the early church. According to the writings of the church fathers, deaconesses visited the sick, helped young women grow in the Lord, and tended the poor. How we need those who have a heart to be servants like Phebe today.
Paul commends this woman not only for what she had done as a faithful sister and servant of Christ but also for what she was doing and would in service to their Lord as we see in verse 2. "So you should welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also."
Paul's journey from Corinth to Rome would not be easy, and would involve considerable sea as well as land travel. Travel in those days was often hazardous, and the few inns that were in existence usually were connected with the worst sort of taverns, many of which were also brothels. The only safe places to stay was with a friend, or a friend of a friend. Consequently, letters of commendation were routinely given to travelers by friends who had relatives or friends along the way who would be able to provide food, lodging, and sometimes escort through dangerous areas. This help was especially critical for women.
When this special lady arrived in Rome and presented believers there with Paul’s letter, they must have realized his great trust in her even before they read this personal commendation. Yet Paul not only officially commended her.
II Corinthians 3:1, "Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some, letters of recommendation to you or from you?"
Paul was also asking the Roman Christians to receive her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints. Christians are to receive, to love, to minister to each other in a way that is distinct from the world around us and that it cannot comprehend. We are to embrace, serve, and care for all those who genuinely name the name of Christ.
Matthew 18:5–10 says, "And whoever welcomes one child like this in My name welcomes Me. “But whoever causes the downfall of one of these little ones who believe in Me—it would be better for him if a heavy millstone were hung around his neck and he were drowned in the depths of the sea! Woe to the world because of offenses. For offenses must come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comes. If your hand or your foot causes your downfall, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or lame, than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire. And if your eye causes your downfall, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye, rather than to have two eyes and be thrown into hellfire!
“See that you don’t look down on one of these little ones, because I tell you that in heaven their angels continually view the face of My Father in heaven."
Paul asked the Romans "to give her any help and to stand by her in whatsoever matter. "she may need from you." The Romans are to assist her whatever business matter she may have had while in Rome.
The reason they should help her is because "she has been a great help to many people, including" Paul. They should help her since she had helped others. Help, the original Greek word, prostatis, "a protectress, patroness, succorer or strengthener," was used of what a mother does as she tenderly nourishes her baby through breastfeeding, a supporter, a benefactor of someone or something like the arts. Phoebe is described as "sister," "servant," "saint," and "helper," "caring for the affairs of others," these credentials are of the highest order. She deserved their greatest appreciation and respect.
Today, when a special delivery letter is handed to us at the door, it usually means we are receiving something official, very important. Phoebe hand delivered a letter of immeasurable value to the church in Rome; Paul’s inspired, doctrinal epistle masterpiece. That's why he commended her. It points out how a lost and sinful humanity can find redemption through faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Because of her kindness to him in helping to get the Word of God out. Paul commended and complemented her. All of us are "spiritual mail carriers." Today, we have the good news that the apostle Paul wrote, so many centuries ago. And like Phoebe, we need assist in delivering it by word and by deed, to people around us who need its life giving message!
In verses 3 through 5, Paul writes about Prisca and Aquila. Verse 3, we find Prisca and Aquila, the first to be greeted. "Give my greetings to Prisca and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus,"
Paul first met Priscilla and Aquila when he arrived in Corinth on his second missionary journey and worked with them at their trade of tent making. They had come to Corinth from Rome because of Claudius’ decree that all Jews must leave Rome. They accompanied Paul when he left Corinth, but stayed in Ephesus when the party stopped briefly. There they ministered to Apollos and undoubtedly to Paul, during his stay in Ephesus on his third journey, because they sent greetings to the Corinthian Christians
Acts 18:26, says, "He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. After Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him home and explained the way of God to him more accurately."
In I Corinthians 16:19, we find "The churches of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, along with the church that meets in their home.
Shortly after that, they must have moved back to Rome and still later returned to Ephesus.
II Timothy 4:19, "Greet Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus."
I'd like you to make note of the fact that Priscilla almost always precedes her husband in the Scriptures. The reason for this is most likely is attributable to her being the bolder and more gifted person in the joint ministry they exercised.
Beloved, we serve God by sharing His Word with others.
The apostle’s beloved co-workers, Prisca and Aquila, are described graphically in verse 4. "who risked their own necks for my life. Not only do I thank them, but so do all the Gentile churches;"
Prisca and Aquila had braved innumerable dangers with Paul. Therefore, Paul paid them great praise, calling them my fellow workers in Christ Jesus and revealing that they risked their lives for me "they lay down their own neck for my soul." The way in which they had risked their lives is not known.
All the Gentile churches, Paul added, were grateful to them.
Some of you may remember the New York city police officer Moira Smith, who hurried to the apocalyptic scene on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed an airliner into the World Trade Center. Witnesses say she was last seen helping someone down a stairway. Her police dispatcher heard her calm voice on her handheld radio reporting her efforts. Her name tag and badge were recovered near her remains at ground zero much later. She was the only NYPD policewoman killed in the World Trade Centers attack.
Paul, who was facing opposition from unfriendly Jews and a hostile Roman government, his life was in danger several times as he traveled and preaching about Christ. He wrote that his friends Prisca or Priscilla and Aquila risked their lives to save him. And, like police officer Moira Smith, who gave her life for others, they risked their lives so that Paul might live and the message of gospel might be proclaimed.
Heavenly Father, help us to have the courage and strength to respond, in faith, if ever we should need to risk our lives to save the life of another.
In verse 5, Paul sends greetings to the church that met at their house. "also greet the church that is in their house. Greet Epaenetus, my beloved, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia."
The Christians in Rome apparently worshiped in numerous homes such as Priscilla and Aquila’s. This couple had had a house church in Ephesus, in I Corinthians 16:19, it says, "The churches of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, along with the church that meets in their home. All the brothers greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss."
So, this was probably wherever they lived. Churches in homes, were common, and are mentioned in Colossians 4:15 and Philemon 1:2.
So we can see a pattern begin to unfold in the lives of Priscilla and Aquila. That is, wherever they went, they started a fellowship group in their house. I don't know about you, but I like that. They not only worked together by day making tents, but they also opened their home at night.
That should also be true of you and me. The church should also be meeting in our homes. How?
Jesus said in Matthew 18:20, "For where two or three are gathered together in My name, I am there among them." Therefore, if you want your families altered, develop what the previous generation called "family altar," times when your family gets together for a season of worship, prayer, and Bible study.
Epenetus, to whom greetings were sent, is mentioned only here, but is called by Paul my dear friend "the one loved by me" or beloved as a few others are call also He was the first convert, the first fruits, to Christ in the province of Asia. We read in Acts 19 chapter, that Paul reached Asia, the western portion of modern-day Turkey, on his third missionary journey, after having been prevented from going there on his second journey
Beloved, most believers rarely forget the name of the first person they lead to the Lord because nothing is more exciting than praying with someone, talking to someone, having the opportunity to see someone you care about come to know Jesus. I can think of nothing, more exhilarating than salvation!
In verses 6-16, again, ministries and churches don’t go far without faithful workers. Paul continues his outpouring of love and affection for a host of beloved of beloved believers and fellow workers. Doubtless he could have included many more, but the ones he chose to acknowledge here were especially close and dear.
This list of greetings in verses 3-16, that Paul wanted conveyed to friends in Rome is the longest in any of his epistles. The apostle mentions 26 people by name, and he referred to many others, in verses. 5, 10-11, 13-15. There are several women who are included his the list: Priscilla, Mary, Tryphena and Tryphosa, Persis, Rufus’ mother, and Nereus’ sister. There are two others, who are possibly women, Junias in verse 7 and Julia in verse 15.
Paul continues his greetings in verse 6. "Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you."
Mary is identified simply as one who worked very hard, or "toiled much." In verse 12, we read numerous people are commended for their "labor." The word "labor" here is interesting. It's the same word used in Luke 5:5, in reference to the fishermen who toiled all night. It embodies the idea of sweating. Thus, Mary bestowed much "sweat" upon them, if you would. That is, she gave of herself in a laboring type of ministry.
Instead of Mary, some Greek manuscripts read Mariam, the Hebrew form, which likely identifies this woman as a Jew. It is clear that some of the believers are of Jewish origin, that some of them knew Christ before Paul, that some were slaves and others came from the household of Herod, that some had shared prison cells with Paul and others had cared for him and even him. But all were remembered and all were appreciated.
It says in verse 7, "Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles, and they were also in Christ before me."
Andronicus and Junias, greeted together, may have been husband and wife. For the record, allow me to point out, Junias can be either masculine or feminine. Paul called them my relatives, which probably refers to a connection that is spiritual, tribal, not a family kinship. In verses 11 and 21, he also mentioned four other "relatives." He said Andronicus and Junias had been in prison with him "my fellow prisoners." When or where this occurred is not mentioned. Paul commended them as outstanding, epismoi, or having a mark on them, therefore "illustrious, notable, outstanding" among the apostles.
There are various categories of apostles. The word "apostles" is probably used here in the broader, general sense in which Barnabas, Silas, Titus, Timothy and others were called apostles in Scripture, as we see in Acts 13:2; Acts 14:14; I Thessalonians 2:7. Or it could mean the apostles in the limited sense, referring to the Twelve, minus Judas, plus Paul. Paul added, They were in Christ before I was. So we can surmise they had been believers for about 25 years.
The Spirit sent out many apostles. Therefore "the apostolic ministry continues today in those who are sent out by the Spirit, those who feel called in their hearts to go forth. Missionaries could be more accurately called apostles. The problem with the term "apostle" arises only from a misunderstanding of the word."
Verse 8-9, "Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord."Ampliatus was one Paul loved in the Lord. — This was high praise from the apostle — "Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and Stachys my beloved."
Urbanus was called our fellow worker in Christ. The apostle repeatedly uses the expression "in the Lord" or "in Christ" to identify the bond that holds them together. Stachys was addressed as beloved, "the one loved by me."
Verse 10 says, "Greet Apelles, the approved in Christ. Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus." Paul said Apelles was tested and approved, or "ton dokimion", "the one approved through testing." How can we be approved in Christ? You’re doing it! By studying the Scriptures, you are showing yourself as being approved of God.
II Timothy 2:15, says "Be diligent to present yourself approved to God, a worker who doesn’t need to be ashamed, correctly teaching the word of truth."
Without naming other individuals Paul sent greetings to those who belong to the household of Aristobulus, perhaps a grandson of Herod the Great. A household may have included family members and servants. The Greek simply has "those out of, belonging to Aristobulus."
Historians tell us that Aristobulus, was the grandson of Herod the Great—the one who tried to annihilate Jesus by slaughtering all Jewish males under two years of age. Herod was the one who killed his sons and murdered his wife, butchering anyone who was a threat to his power. Yet here was his grandson, numbered among the household of faith.
Then, in verse 11, Paul writes "Greet Herodion, my kinsman. Greet those of the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord." Herodion was greeted as my relative, but once again the relationship was probably spiritual or tribal and not familial, verses 7, 21. The name may identify this person as belonging to Herod’s family. Once again without naming individuals Paul sent greetings to those in the household of Narcissus, "those out of, belonging to Narcissus." But Paul restricted his greetings to the ones who are in the Lord, which probably indicated Narcissus’ family was divided spiritually.
Verse 12, "Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord."
Tryphena and Tryphosa most likely are sister, possibly twins, since their names mean "dainty and delicate," but they were described as those who "labor," with Paul. He purposely choose the word that suggests labor to the point of exhaustion. Of such stuff was the church of Rome made!
Then Persis, addressed as my dear friend, "the one loved", was another woman who has worked very hard or "toiled much" in the Lord. Interestingly four women were said to have "worked hard." Beloved, where would the church be today, without the efforts of hard working women?
In verse 13, Paul writes to "Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine."
Whether Rufus is the same person mentioned in Mark 15:21 or not is uncertain. If so, then he, as a son of Simon of Cyrene, was a North African. He came to Jerusalem to celebrate and observe the Passover proceedings. When he lined up along the Via Dolorosa, which you may remember is the processional route in the Old City of Jerusalem, the crowd gathered on that Good Friday, he watched the proceedings, no doubt straining his neck and squinting his eyes, trying to get a perspective of what was happening. Suddenly, a Man collapsed before him under the weight of a cross. Instead of forcing Him to carry the burden any further, a soldier on the scene placed the flat head of his spear upon the shoulder of Simon the Cyrene, saying, "You take the Cross."
I'm sure Simon must have thought to himself, Oh no. This is a catastrophe. I came to celebrate the Passover, and now I’m going to be defiled by associating with this criminal. However, he discovered that the catastrophe was, in fact, a great opportunity, because something happened to Simon when he took up the Cross. Because he carry the Cross he eventually became converted to the One whose Cross he carried. And not only did Simon get saved, but, as can be inferred from this verse, his wife and his sons did as well. Beloved, I don’t know what Cross you are bearing today, but God will use it to blessing you in Christ, if you will allow Him to do so!
Paul said Rufus was chosen in the Lord, a statement true of every believer, Ephesians 1:4, "For He chose us in Him, before the foundation of the world, to be holy and blameless in His sight. In love" Ergo, the word translated "chosen" may mean "eminent," since it was given to Rufus as a statement of distinction. The greeting included Rufus’ mother who, Paul said, had also been a mother to him.
So, why would he refer to her in this way? Paul obviously did not say she was his actual mother, but he had been the recipient of her motherly care. During his years of ministry, Paul faced many hardships.
II Corinthians 6:4-10, tells us,"In their case, the god of this age has blinded the minds of the unbelievers so they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. For we are not proclaiming ourselves but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your slaves because of Jesus. For God who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of God’s glory in the face of Jesus Christ. Now we have this treasure in clay jars, so that this extraordinary power may be from God and not from us. We are pressured in every way but not crushed; we are perplexed but not in despair; we are persecuted but not abandoned; we are struck down but not destroyed. We always carry the death of Jesus in our body, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body."
Could it be that Rufus had brought a weary and tired apostle to his house, where Paul received from the mother of Rufus comforting words, a fresh garment, and a nourishing meal? Did Paul receive from her the empathy and tenderness that only a mother can give? We don’t know this for sure, but it could explain his unusual greeting here.
There are five names mentioned together in verse 14, "Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the brethren with them." They evidently had something in common, perhaps as leaders of another house church. This may be indicated by the reference to the brothers with them. They are all common names, particularly among slaves.
Verse 15, "Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them." Julia may have been the wife of Philologus. What a great name! It comes from "Philos Logos" or "Lover of the Word." Two other husband-wife teams were Priscilla and Aquila and Andronicus and Junias.
Nereus and his sister were then greeted, though the sister’s
name is not given. And finally, greetings were sent to Olympas and all
the saints with him. This group may have been the leaders of another
house church. The apostle Paul was not only a soul-winner and a church planter, he was also a friend maker and supporter of ministry. Paul's comments about these mostly unknown individuals are all the more poignant because he takes time to speak so warmly and appreciatively of these "ordinary" Christians, who were as much his brothers and sisters in Christ as Peter, James, John, and others in the New Testament.
Here, Paul reveals his deep affection for those whom he had served, for those who had served him, and for those who served with him.
Romans chapters 9-16.
In chapter 16, Paul focuses on his relationship to other Christians with whom he has been associated in one way or another, along the way in his ministry. The chapter contains a list compiled of thirty-three people, to whom Paul is sending his greetings.
The first list, in verses 1–16, is comprised of those who Paul is greeting. The second list, verses 21–23, is comprised of those who are with Paul in Corinth. He specifically identifies, and occasionally comments briefly about, those to whom he felt the closest. Paul also reveals his love for the community of the redeemed, his mutual accountability with them before God, and his dependence on them for his own ministry as well as his own well-being.
First, Sister Phoebe, 16:1-2.
Secondly Prisca and Aquila, 3-5.
And thirdly, friends in Rome, 6-16
Churches and ministries don’t go far without the assistance of faithful workers. Paul devotes the first two verses to the commendation of a particular individual, Phoebe. "I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchreae. So you should welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also."
Phoebe was Paul’s emissary to deliver this letter, so he wrote officially, "I commend to you our sister Phoebe." "Phebe" which means "bright, radiant" is another name for "Diana." Apparently, Phebe was named after the goddess Diana, Corinth’s most famous deity. If that be so, Phebe was not Jewish but was most likely a heathen Gentile who had been converted to Christianity. Phoebe was a servant of the church in Cenchrea, a seaport a few miles east of Corinth, Acts 18:18, where Paul had stopped during his third missionary journey.
The word translated "servant" is literally diakonos or "deaconess" is used for the office of deacon
Paul's use of the word with the phrase "of the church" strongly suggests some sort of recognized position, appropriate for a person serving as Paul’s emissary. It could also indicate a woman in a position of ministry in the early church. According to the writings of the church fathers, deaconesses visited the sick, helped young women grow in the Lord, and tended the poor. How we need those who have a heart to be servants like Phebe today.
Paul commends this woman not only for what she had done as a faithful sister and servant of Christ but also for what she was doing and would in service to their Lord as we see in verse 2. "So you should welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also."
Paul's journey from Corinth to Rome would not be easy, and would involve considerable sea as well as land travel. Travel in those days was often hazardous, and the few inns that were in existence usually were connected with the worst sort of taverns, many of which were also brothels. The only safe places to stay was with a friend, or a friend of a friend. Consequently, letters of commendation were routinely given to travelers by friends who had relatives or friends along the way who would be able to provide food, lodging, and sometimes escort through dangerous areas. This help was especially critical for women.
When this special lady arrived in Rome and presented believers there with Paul’s letter, they must have realized his great trust in her even before they read this personal commendation. Yet Paul not only officially commended her.
II Corinthians 3:1, "Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some, letters of recommendation to you or from you?"
Paul was also asking the Roman Christians to receive her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints. Christians are to receive, to love, to minister to each other in a way that is distinct from the world around us and that it cannot comprehend. We are to embrace, serve, and care for all those who genuinely name the name of Christ.
Matthew 18:5–10 says, "And whoever welcomes one child like this in My name welcomes Me. “But whoever causes the downfall of one of these little ones who believe in Me—it would be better for him if a heavy millstone were hung around his neck and he were drowned in the depths of the sea! Woe to the world because of offenses. For offenses must come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comes. If your hand or your foot causes your downfall, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or lame, than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire. And if your eye causes your downfall, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye, rather than to have two eyes and be thrown into hellfire!
“See that you don’t look down on one of these little ones, because I tell you that in heaven their angels continually view the face of My Father in heaven."
Paul asked the Romans "to give her any help and to stand by her in whatsoever matter. "she may need from you." The Romans are to assist her whatever business matter she may have had while in Rome.
The reason they should help her is because "she has been a great help to many people, including" Paul. They should help her since she had helped others. Help, the original Greek word, prostatis, "a protectress, patroness, succorer or strengthener," was used of what a mother does as she tenderly nourishes her baby through breastfeeding, a supporter, a benefactor of someone or something like the arts. Phoebe is described as "sister," "servant," "saint," and "helper," "caring for the affairs of others," these credentials are of the highest order. She deserved their greatest appreciation and respect.
Today, when a special delivery letter is handed to us at the door, it usually means we are receiving something official, very important. Phoebe hand delivered a letter of immeasurable value to the church in Rome; Paul’s inspired, doctrinal epistle masterpiece. That's why he commended her. It points out how a lost and sinful humanity can find redemption through faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Because of her kindness to him in helping to get the Word of God out. Paul commended and complemented her. All of us are "spiritual mail carriers." Today, we have the good news that the apostle Paul wrote, so many centuries ago. And like Phoebe, we need assist in delivering it by word and by deed, to people around us who need its life giving message!
In verses 3 through 5, Paul writes about Prisca and Aquila. Verse 3, we find Prisca and Aquila, the first to be greeted. "Give my greetings to Prisca and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus,"
Paul first met Priscilla and Aquila when he arrived in Corinth on his second missionary journey and worked with them at their trade of tent making. They had come to Corinth from Rome because of Claudius’ decree that all Jews must leave Rome. They accompanied Paul when he left Corinth, but stayed in Ephesus when the party stopped briefly. There they ministered to Apollos and undoubtedly to Paul, during his stay in Ephesus on his third journey, because they sent greetings to the Corinthian Christians
Acts 18:26, says, "He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. After Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him home and explained the way of God to him more accurately."
In I Corinthians 16:19, we find "The churches of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, along with the church that meets in their home.
Shortly after that, they must have moved back to Rome and still later returned to Ephesus.
II Timothy 4:19, "Greet Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus."
I'd like you to make note of the fact that Priscilla almost always precedes her husband in the Scriptures. The reason for this is most likely is attributable to her being the bolder and more gifted person in the joint ministry they exercised.
Beloved, we serve God by sharing His Word with others.
The apostle’s beloved co-workers, Prisca and Aquila, are described graphically in verse 4. "who risked their own necks for my life. Not only do I thank them, but so do all the Gentile churches;"
Prisca and Aquila had braved innumerable dangers with Paul. Therefore, Paul paid them great praise, calling them my fellow workers in Christ Jesus and revealing that they risked their lives for me "they lay down their own neck for my soul." The way in which they had risked their lives is not known.
All the Gentile churches, Paul added, were grateful to them.
Some of you may remember the New York city police officer Moira Smith, who hurried to the apocalyptic scene on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed an airliner into the World Trade Center. Witnesses say she was last seen helping someone down a stairway. Her police dispatcher heard her calm voice on her handheld radio reporting her efforts. Her name tag and badge were recovered near her remains at ground zero much later. She was the only NYPD policewoman killed in the World Trade Centers attack.
Paul, who was facing opposition from unfriendly Jews and a hostile Roman government, his life was in danger several times as he traveled and preaching about Christ. He wrote that his friends Prisca or Priscilla and Aquila risked their lives to save him. And, like police officer Moira Smith, who gave her life for others, they risked their lives so that Paul might live and the message of gospel might be proclaimed.
Heavenly Father, help us to have the courage and strength to respond, in faith, if ever we should need to risk our lives to save the life of another.
In verse 5, Paul sends greetings to the church that met at their house. "also greet the church that is in their house. Greet Epaenetus, my beloved, who is the first convert to Christ from Asia."
The Christians in Rome apparently worshiped in numerous homes such as Priscilla and Aquila’s. This couple had had a house church in Ephesus, in I Corinthians 16:19, it says, "The churches of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, along with the church that meets in their home. All the brothers greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss."
So, this was probably wherever they lived. Churches in homes, were common, and are mentioned in Colossians 4:15 and Philemon 1:2.
So we can see a pattern begin to unfold in the lives of Priscilla and Aquila. That is, wherever they went, they started a fellowship group in their house. I don't know about you, but I like that. They not only worked together by day making tents, but they also opened their home at night.
That should also be true of you and me. The church should also be meeting in our homes. How?
Jesus said in Matthew 18:20, "For where two or three are gathered together in My name, I am there among them." Therefore, if you want your families altered, develop what the previous generation called "family altar," times when your family gets together for a season of worship, prayer, and Bible study.
Epenetus, to whom greetings were sent, is mentioned only here, but is called by Paul my dear friend "the one loved by me" or beloved as a few others are call also He was the first convert, the first fruits, to Christ in the province of Asia. We read in Acts 19 chapter, that Paul reached Asia, the western portion of modern-day Turkey, on his third missionary journey, after having been prevented from going there on his second journey
Beloved, most believers rarely forget the name of the first person they lead to the Lord because nothing is more exciting than praying with someone, talking to someone, having the opportunity to see someone you care about come to know Jesus. I can think of nothing, more exhilarating than salvation!
In verses 6-16, again, ministries and churches don’t go far without faithful workers. Paul continues his outpouring of love and affection for a host of beloved of beloved believers and fellow workers. Doubtless he could have included many more, but the ones he chose to acknowledge here were especially close and dear.
This list of greetings in verses 3-16, that Paul wanted conveyed to friends in Rome is the longest in any of his epistles. The apostle mentions 26 people by name, and he referred to many others, in verses. 5, 10-11, 13-15. There are several women who are included his the list: Priscilla, Mary, Tryphena and Tryphosa, Persis, Rufus’ mother, and Nereus’ sister. There are two others, who are possibly women, Junias in verse 7 and Julia in verse 15.
Paul continues his greetings in verse 6. "Greet Mary, who has worked hard for you."
Mary is identified simply as one who worked very hard, or "toiled much." In verse 12, we read numerous people are commended for their "labor." The word "labor" here is interesting. It's the same word used in Luke 5:5, in reference to the fishermen who toiled all night. It embodies the idea of sweating. Thus, Mary bestowed much "sweat" upon them, if you would. That is, she gave of herself in a laboring type of ministry.
Instead of Mary, some Greek manuscripts read Mariam, the Hebrew form, which likely identifies this woman as a Jew. It is clear that some of the believers are of Jewish origin, that some of them knew Christ before Paul, that some were slaves and others came from the household of Herod, that some had shared prison cells with Paul and others had cared for him and even him. But all were remembered and all were appreciated.
It says in verse 7, "Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow countrymen and fellow prisoners. They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles, and they were also in Christ before me."
Andronicus and Junias, greeted together, may have been husband and wife. For the record, allow me to point out, Junias can be either masculine or feminine. Paul called them my relatives, which probably refers to a connection that is spiritual, tribal, not a family kinship. In verses 11 and 21, he also mentioned four other "relatives." He said Andronicus and Junias had been in prison with him "my fellow prisoners." When or where this occurred is not mentioned. Paul commended them as outstanding, epismoi, or having a mark on them, therefore "illustrious, notable, outstanding" among the apostles.
There are various categories of apostles. The word "apostles" is probably used here in the broader, general sense in which Barnabas, Silas, Titus, Timothy and others were called apostles in Scripture, as we see in Acts 13:2; Acts 14:14; I Thessalonians 2:7. Or it could mean the apostles in the limited sense, referring to the Twelve, minus Judas, plus Paul. Paul added, They were in Christ before I was. So we can surmise they had been believers for about 25 years.
The Spirit sent out many apostles. Therefore "the apostolic ministry continues today in those who are sent out by the Spirit, those who feel called in their hearts to go forth. Missionaries could be more accurately called apostles. The problem with the term "apostle" arises only from a misunderstanding of the word."
Verse 8-9, "Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord."Ampliatus was one Paul loved in the Lord. — This was high praise from the apostle — "Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and Stachys my beloved."
Urbanus was called our fellow worker in Christ. The apostle repeatedly uses the expression "in the Lord" or "in Christ" to identify the bond that holds them together. Stachys was addressed as beloved, "the one loved by me."
Verse 10 says, "Greet Apelles, the approved in Christ. Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus." Paul said Apelles was tested and approved, or "ton dokimion", "the one approved through testing." How can we be approved in Christ? You’re doing it! By studying the Scriptures, you are showing yourself as being approved of God.
II Timothy 2:15, says "Be diligent to present yourself approved to God, a worker who doesn’t need to be ashamed, correctly teaching the word of truth."
Without naming other individuals Paul sent greetings to those who belong to the household of Aristobulus, perhaps a grandson of Herod the Great. A household may have included family members and servants. The Greek simply has "those out of, belonging to Aristobulus."
Historians tell us that Aristobulus, was the grandson of Herod the Great—the one who tried to annihilate Jesus by slaughtering all Jewish males under two years of age. Herod was the one who killed his sons and murdered his wife, butchering anyone who was a threat to his power. Yet here was his grandson, numbered among the household of faith.
Then, in verse 11, Paul writes "Greet Herodion, my kinsman. Greet those of the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord." Herodion was greeted as my relative, but once again the relationship was probably spiritual or tribal and not familial, verses 7, 21. The name may identify this person as belonging to Herod’s family. Once again without naming individuals Paul sent greetings to those in the household of Narcissus, "those out of, belonging to Narcissus." But Paul restricted his greetings to the ones who are in the Lord, which probably indicated Narcissus’ family was divided spiritually.
Verse 12, "Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord."
Tryphena and Tryphosa most likely are sister, possibly twins, since their names mean "dainty and delicate," but they were described as those who "labor," with Paul. He purposely choose the word that suggests labor to the point of exhaustion. Of such stuff was the church of Rome made!
Then Persis, addressed as my dear friend, "the one loved", was another woman who has worked very hard or "toiled much" in the Lord. Interestingly four women were said to have "worked hard." Beloved, where would the church be today, without the efforts of hard working women?
In verse 13, Paul writes to "Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine."
Whether Rufus is the same person mentioned in Mark 15:21 or not is uncertain. If so, then he, as a son of Simon of Cyrene, was a North African. He came to Jerusalem to celebrate and observe the Passover proceedings. When he lined up along the Via Dolorosa, which you may remember is the processional route in the Old City of Jerusalem, the crowd gathered on that Good Friday, he watched the proceedings, no doubt straining his neck and squinting his eyes, trying to get a perspective of what was happening. Suddenly, a Man collapsed before him under the weight of a cross. Instead of forcing Him to carry the burden any further, a soldier on the scene placed the flat head of his spear upon the shoulder of Simon the Cyrene, saying, "You take the Cross."
I'm sure Simon must have thought to himself, Oh no. This is a catastrophe. I came to celebrate the Passover, and now I’m going to be defiled by associating with this criminal. However, he discovered that the catastrophe was, in fact, a great opportunity, because something happened to Simon when he took up the Cross. Because he carry the Cross he eventually became converted to the One whose Cross he carried. And not only did Simon get saved, but, as can be inferred from this verse, his wife and his sons did as well. Beloved, I don’t know what Cross you are bearing today, but God will use it to blessing you in Christ, if you will allow Him to do so!
Paul said Rufus was chosen in the Lord, a statement true of every believer, Ephesians 1:4, "For He chose us in Him, before the foundation of the world, to be holy and blameless in His sight. In love" Ergo, the word translated "chosen" may mean "eminent," since it was given to Rufus as a statement of distinction. The greeting included Rufus’ mother who, Paul said, had also been a mother to him.
So, why would he refer to her in this way? Paul obviously did not say she was his actual mother, but he had been the recipient of her motherly care. During his years of ministry, Paul faced many hardships.
II Corinthians 6:4-10, tells us,"In their case, the god of this age has blinded the minds of the unbelievers so they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. For we are not proclaiming ourselves but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your slaves because of Jesus. For God who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of God’s glory in the face of Jesus Christ. Now we have this treasure in clay jars, so that this extraordinary power may be from God and not from us. We are pressured in every way but not crushed; we are perplexed but not in despair; we are persecuted but not abandoned; we are struck down but not destroyed. We always carry the death of Jesus in our body, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body."
Could it be that Rufus had brought a weary and tired apostle to his house, where Paul received from the mother of Rufus comforting words, a fresh garment, and a nourishing meal? Did Paul receive from her the empathy and tenderness that only a mother can give? We don’t know this for sure, but it could explain his unusual greeting here.
There are five names mentioned together in verse 14, "Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the brethren with them." They evidently had something in common, perhaps as leaders of another house church. This may be indicated by the reference to the brothers with them. They are all common names, particularly among slaves.
Verse 15, "Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them." Julia may have been the wife of Philologus. What a great name! It comes from "Philos Logos" or "Lover of the Word." Two other husband-wife teams were Priscilla and Aquila and Andronicus and Junias.
Of all these individuals only Priscilla and Aquila are mentioned elsewhere in the New Testament for certain; yet Paul knew them all individually and sent personal greetings to them and their associates. Paul cannot properly be charged with not being "a people person."
Verse 16 closes out the list of people he greeted in Rome. "Greet one another with a holy kiss.
All the churches of Christ send you greetings." This section closes with the command, "Greet one another with a holy kiss." This practice of embracing and kissing friends on the forehead or cheek was quite common in Old Testament times. And, in some parts of the world, it still is, even today.
Then a general word of salutation, All the churches of Christ send greetings, "greet you." As the apostle Paul closed his letter to the believers in Rome, he listed several people who receive no other mention in the Scriptures. But they were essential to the life and work of the early church.
In Closing....
God never intended churches to be cold. Years ago, a prominent pastor was asked to preach in a downtown First Baptist Church. It was one of those cold churches where the only movement they had experienced in years was the growth of the ivy on the walls. No one spoke to him before the service. When he preached, the people sat and stared stoically. After the service everyone rushed to their cars. No one stayed for fellowship. It was as if they had paid their dues, done their time, and now were ready to hurry away.
After the service the pastor took him out to eat at a restaurant across the street. They were met by a friendly hostess who seemed delighted that they had come her way. She seated them at a table served by a warmhearted waitress, who took personal interest in them as she served them. This pastor remarked that if both places, the church and the restaurant, had given invitations that day, he would have joined the restaurant!
It is never God’s will for a church to become cold. Jesus made clear that the mark of being a Christian was how we love one another. John 13:35, teaches us that, "By this all people will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another."
Along with the commands for Christians to be loving toward those both inside and outside the faith, we have specific commands for Christians to express their love at church.
Both Paul and Peter closed many of their letters with the command to "Greet one another with a holy kiss." A holy kiss, the mode of salutation is quite similar to the warm, friendly handshake or perhaps a discreet hug, we see today in our culture. The principle remains the same. God wants His people to be surrounded with expressed love when they come to church.
Winston Churchill said in his 1943 speech, "…one will say: “I was a fighter pilot”, another will say: “I was in the Submarine Service”, another “I marched with the Eighth Army”, a fourth will say:
None of you could have lived without the convoys and the Merchant seamen”, and you, in your turn, will say, with equal pride and with equal right: "WE CUT THE COAL."
Beloved, you may be performing unnoticed tasks as we support the church’s mandate to spread the Gospel and train believers. Without the many volunteers, those working behind the scenes, those who's works go "unnoticed," I can assure you, that no church or mission agency could do its ministry effectively.
So, I'd like to encourage you to know and understand, that your service to Christ is essential, it is important, Even if no one shows appreciation for your hard work, even if it seems you are receiving no recognition for your efforts, I want you to be sure the Lord will reward you. No service for Christ goes unnoticed by Him. And, isn't His recognition the One that truly matters?
Beloved, I would like to thank each one of you, who have supported this ministry, through your time, talents and gifts, have made it what it is today. Because of you, your financial support, your sharing our messages with others, pointing others to the social media venues, the website, we are reaching thousands upon thousands of people, hungry for the Word of God. And through the anointing of the Lord, we're continuing to grow! People are coming to Christ!
So, I encourage you to keep in mind the words of Colossians 3:23-24, and what it's teaching us, that "Whatever you do, do it enthusiastically, as something done for the Lord and not for men knowing that you will receive the reward of an inheritance from the Lord. You serve the Lord Christ.
Just as the apostle Paul recognized the vital importance of those who worked behind the scenes. So in this incredibly heart felt epistle, Romans 16, he honored in his fellow workers in the faith. Their service was invaluable to Paul and to the cause of reaching others, for Christ. Beloved, though your labor for the Lord may be unseen and unheralded, by others, it is essential.
Therefore, as servants of Christ, we continue to "cut the coal." Your service is invaluable, immeasurable to this ministry, to the spreading of the Gospel, and to the Lord. And I want each of you to know, I love you and appreciate all that you have done, and continue to do, to help this ministry reach those who need it most, the lost. I know that you will be blessed for it!
And now may the Lord bless you and keep you;
the Lord make His face shine upon you,
And be gracious to you;
The Lord lift up His countenance upon you,
And give you peace.
Now and forever, in Jesus' name
Amen
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